ΠΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ: Π¦Π΅Π½Π° Π±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Ρ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡ Π² ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ
ΠΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ Π½Π΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π°. ΠΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½Π°Π±ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Π°. ΠΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠΊΠ²Π°Π»ΡΠΊΡ+ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½ ΠΈ ΠΠΎΠ΄ΠΌΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅. ΠΡ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡ: ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ.
Β«ΠΠΊΠ²Π°Π»ΡΠΊΡ+Β» β ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ΅
ΠΠ°ΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΡΡ Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½Π°Π±ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²Ρ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ° Π²Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ. ΠΡ ΡΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ·Π΅Π», ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π±Π°Π½Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π±Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΠ½.
ΠΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Β«ΠΠΊΠ²Π°Π»ΡΠΊΡ+Β»:
Π Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ.
ΠΠ΅ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅Π·Π΄Π° Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠΊ.
ΠΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΈΡ : ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Ρ, ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π² ΡΡΠ°Ρ.
ΠΠ»Π°Π΄Π΅Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ· 10 ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½.
ΠΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ ΠΎΠ± ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ°.
ΠΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ»ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ Π³Π°ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡ 10 Π»Π΅Ρ
Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΊΡ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ Π±ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ².
ΠΠ΅Π»Π°Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΌ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ½ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠΊΠΈ
ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΠΉΡΠ΅ Π±ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ². Π ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ-ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΊ ΠΌΡ Π±ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Ρ 19 Π»Π΅Ρ. ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΌΡ ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΡΠΌ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ. Π‘ Π³Π°Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π²Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠ΅.
Π‘ΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΠΊΠ²Π°Π»ΡΠΊΡ+
Π‘ΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½Π°Π±ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ Π±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π±ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ. ΠΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π³ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ° β ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠ·Π°Ρ . Π’ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π²ΡΠ·ΠΊΠ° ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Ρ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ β ΠΊΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½, Π½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π°Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ°.
ΠΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½
ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½ β Π³Π΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π΅ΠΌΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Ρ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ:
- ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π° Π² Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ β Π² ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡ Π³ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ Π΅ΠΌΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅: Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°, Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΡ, Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ°ΠΊΠΊΡΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π±Π°ΠΊ;
- Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄;
- Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½Π°Π±ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ.
ΠΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π° Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠ΅ Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Π½Π° Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π΅ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ Π΄Π²ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠΌΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊ Π½Π΅ΠΌΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΡΡΠΏΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π°Π΄ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π½Π΅Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΊΡΡΡΠΊΠ° Π»ΡΠΊΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°.
ΠΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ°
ΠΡΡΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Ρ. ΠΠ΄Π°ΠΏΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ· Π΄Π²ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ β ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΡ Β«Π»Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ Π²ΠΎΡΡΠ°Β». ΠΠ΄Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ±Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΠΎΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ°, Π° Π΄ΡΡΠ³Π°Ρ β ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π½Π΅. ΠΠ½ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Ρ, Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π³Π΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ Π² ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Ρ Π²Π΅ΡΡ Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ.
ΠΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Ρ Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ:
- ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Π±Π½ΡΡ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΉΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡ;
- Π½Π΅Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΅ΠΌΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ β Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆ ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ;
- Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΊΠ° Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ±;
- Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ Π·Π»ΠΎΡΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² β Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆ Π½Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ;
- ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ.
ΠΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ°: Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ, Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ°ΠΊΠΊΡΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ°.
Π‘ΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ
Π‘ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π’Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΌ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Ρ.
Π£ΡΠ»ΡΠ³Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ:
- ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ°;
- ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π±ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ;
- Π±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅;
- ΠΎΠ±Π²ΡΠ·ΠΊΡ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Ρ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ;
- ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ;
- ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠΎ-Π½Π°Π»Π°Π΄ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ.
ΠΠ° ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π·Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Ρ ΠΈ Π»Π°Π½Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π»Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° Π΄Π°ΡΠ΅, Π³Π΄Π΅ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Ρ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ.
ΠΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ:
- ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ;
- ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Ρ;
- Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π° Π·Π°Π»Π΅Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΠ²;
- ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Ρ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ;
- ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆΡ.
ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΠΉΡΠ΅ Π±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Β«ΠΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΒ» β ΠΌΡ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡ ΠΈ Π³Π°ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ.
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡ
Π‘ΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Π° Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡ Π² ΠΠΎΠ΄ΠΌΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅
Β
ΠΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½ ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Ρ, ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ — ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π΄Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ±, ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½Π°Π±ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½Ρ Π±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Ρ
Β
ΠΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Ρ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ»Π΅:
Β
Π‘ΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡ = Π‘ΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ + Π‘ΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ
Β
Β
ΠΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Ρ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π·Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ — ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡ
Β
Π Π°ΠΉΠΎΠ½ ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ | ΠΠΎΠ΄ΠΌΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅| | Π¦Π΅Π½Π° Π·Π° 1 ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΒ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π»Ρ Π‘Π’-20 d133ΠΌΠΌ | Π¦Π΅Π½Π° Π·Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΒ Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π΄Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ±Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π»Ρ d133ΠΌΠΌ + ΠΠΠ d117ΠΌΠΌ** | ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ — 1 ΡΠΎΡΡ | | Π¦Π΅Π½Π° Π·Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π΄Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ±Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π»Ρ d133ΠΌΠΌ + ΠΠΠ d117ΠΌΠΌ ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ£Π ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊ Π΄ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΡ Π° |
Β Π‘ΡΡΠΏΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ | ΠΎΡΒ 2100Ρ* | Β ΠΎΡΒ 2200Ρ* | Β ΠΎΡ 2400 Ρ* |
Β Π Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ | Β ΠΎΡΒ 2100Ρ* | Β ΠΎΡ 2200Ρ* | ΠΎΡ 2400 Ρ* |
Β ΠΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ | Β ΠΎΡ 2200Ρ* | Β ΠΎΡ 2400Ρ* | ΠΎΡ 2500Ρ* |
Β ΠΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ | Β ΠΎΡ 2200Ρ* | Β ΠΎΡΒ 2300Ρ* | ΠΎΡ 2500Ρ* |
Β Π‘Π΅ΡΠΏΡΡ ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ | Β ΠΎΡ 2200Ρ* | Β ΠΎΡ 2400Ρ* | ΠΎΡ 2500Ρ* |
Β ΠΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ | Β ΠΎΡ 2200Ρ* | Β ΠΎΡ 2300Ρ* | ΠΎΡ 2500Ρ* |
Β Π§Π΅Ρ ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ | Β ΠΎΡ 2200Ρ*Β | Β ΠΎΡ 2300Ρ* | ΠΎΡ 2500Ρ* |
Β ΠΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ | Β ΠΎΡΒ 2100Ρ* | Β ΠΎΡ 2200Ρ* | ΠΎΡ 2400Ρ* |
Β ΠΠΎΡΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ | Β ΠΎΡΒ 2100Ρ* | Β ΠΎΡ 2200Ρ* | ΠΎΡ 2400Ρ* |
Π Π°ΠΉΠΎΠ½ ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ | ΠΠΎΠ΄ΠΌΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅| | Π¦Π΅Π½Π° Π·Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΒ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π»Ρ Π‘Π’-20 d133ΠΌΠΌ | Β Π¦Π΅Π½Π° Π·Π° 1 ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π΄Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ±Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π»Ρ d133ΠΌΠΌ + ΠΠΠd117ΠΌΠΌ** | ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ | | Π¦Π΅Π½Π° Π·Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π΄Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ±Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π»Ρ d133ΠΌΠΌ + ΠΠΠ d117ΠΌΠΌ ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ£Π ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊ Π΄ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΡ Π° |
ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ | ΠΎΡ 2300Ρ* | ΠΎΡ 2500Ρ* | ΠΎΡ 2700Ρ*Β |
ΠΠ·Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ | ΠΎΡ 2300Ρ* | ΠΎΡ 2500Ρ* | ΠΎΡ 2700Ρ*Β |
ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ | ΠΎΡ 2300Ρ* | ΠΎΡ 2500Ρ* | ΠΎΡ 2700Ρ* |
Π³. ΠΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΈΡΡ | ΠΎΡ 2100Ρ* | ΠΎΡΒ 2200Ρ* | ΠΎΡ 2400Ρ* |
Π³. Π Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ | ΠΎΡΒ 2100Ρ* | ΠΎΡ 2200Ρ* | ΠΎΡ 2400Ρ* |
Π³. ΠΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ | ΠΎΡΒ 2100Ρ* | ΠΎΡΒ 2300Ρ* | ΠΎΡ 2400Ρ* |
Π³. Π‘ΡΡΠΏΠΈΠ½ΠΎ | ΠΎΡ 2100Ρ* | ΠΎΡ 2200Ρ* | ΠΎΡ 2400Ρ* |
Π³.ΠΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ | ΠΎΡ 2100Ρ* | ΠΎΡ 2300Ρ* | ΠΎΡ 2400Ρ* |
Π―ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½ Π’ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡ | Β — | Β — | Β — |
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ΠΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³Π°Π±Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΎΠΉ (ΠΠΠΠ£) ΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π·Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ
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ΠΠ±ΡΠ°Π΄Π½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΡΠ±Π° d133 ΠΌΠΌ | ΠΎΡ 2500Ρ* | Π³Π°ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡ 3 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° |
ΠΠ±ΡΠ°Π΄Π½Π°Ρ ΡΡΡΠ±Π° (ΡΡΠ°Π»Ρ) d133ΠΌΠΌ + ΠΠΠ (ΠΠΠΠ₯) d113ΠΌΠΌ/d117ΠΌΠΌ (ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ) | ΠΎΡ 2800Ρ* | Π³Π°ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎ 10 Π»Π΅Ρ |
Β Β
Β *Β ΠΠΠ¦ΠΠ―Β — ΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π·Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ°Π·Π΅ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Ρ Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡ
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** ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π΄Π½Π°Ρ ΡΡΡΠ±Π° ΠΠΠ d117 Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ («Π·Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Π»Π°») Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π½Π° 2 — 4ΠΌ, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΠΠ Π΄ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΡ Π°, ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ + 300Ρ Π·Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅ΠΌ.
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Β
Π‘ΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Ρ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡ
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ΠΠΈΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Ρ | Π‘ΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½ΡΒ |
ΠΠ΅ΡΠ½Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Ρ Β Β | Β Β Β Β Β ΠΎΡ 43000ΡΒ Π΄ΠΎΒ 55000Ρ Β ΠΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Ρ, Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ° |
ΠΠ±ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Ρ Ρ Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ | Β Β ΠΎΡ 65000ΡΒ Π΄ΠΎ 90000Ρ Β Π Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ° |
ΠΠ±ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Ρ Ρ ΠΊΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌ | Β Β Β Β Β ΠΎΡ 100000ΡΒ Π΄ΠΎ 150000Ρ Β ΠΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Ρ, Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½Π°Π±ΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ (ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ) |
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ΠΠ° ΠΈΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Ρ (ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈ) Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ:
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- ΠΠ»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Ρ ( Π΅Π΅ Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΡ)
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- ΠΡΠ±ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ°
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- Π Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π΄ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°, Π±Π°Π½ΠΈ, Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ (ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π°)
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- ΠΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ°ΠΊΠΊΡΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ° (ΠΊΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½, Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠ΅Ρ)
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- ΠΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡ, ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ
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- Π Π°ΠΉΠΎΠ½ ΠΠΎΠ΄ΠΌΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ, Π³Π΄Π΅ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Ρ
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- ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½Π°Π±ΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠΈΠΊΠ° (ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°, Π·Π°ΠΏΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π°ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°)
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- ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ
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Β
Β
Β
Π‘ΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ° ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½ Π½Π° ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΊ
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ΠΠΈΠ΄ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ° | Π¦Π΅Π½Π° Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ |
ΠΡΠ΅Π·Π΄ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ | ΠΎΡ 3500Ρ |
ΠΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ° | ΠΎΡ 12000Ρ |
ΠΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° / ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½Ρ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ°ΠΊΠΊΡΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ° | ΠΎΡ 3500 |
ΠΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° / ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½Ρ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ (ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ, ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ°) | ΠΎΡ 2500Ρ |
ΠΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Ρ | ΠΎΡ 2500Ρ |
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ΠΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ±Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ.
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Β Β Β
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Β
Β Β Π£ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³ ΠΏΠΎ Π±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΒ — ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½Π°Π±ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π² ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΠΊΠ΅, Π½Π° Π΄Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π²ΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈ (ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ) ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Ρ, Π·Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Ρ ΠΊΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ, Π·Π°ΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΡ Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π²ΡΠ΅Π·Π΄ ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°-ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡ, Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½, ΡΠ·Π½Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Ρ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡ Π² ΠΠΎΠ΄ΠΌΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅, ΠΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ² Π½Π°ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌ:
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Π‘ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ?Β
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ΠΠ²ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅:
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8 (495) 923-72-00
8 (909) 985-10-00
8 (985) 923-72-00
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ΠΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Ρ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡ — ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ‘
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Π‘ΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π½Π° — ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡ
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ΠΠ²ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅, Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°Π΄Ρ ΠΠ°ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡ!
ΠΠ΄Π΅ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎ (ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅) ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½ Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎ 50 ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²
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ΠΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½ Π² ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ
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Β Β Π‘ΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ‘ β Π±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π½Π°ΠΌ Π² ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½Π°Π±ΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π² Π·Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ , Π½Π° Π΄Π°ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ , ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠ°Ρ , ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°Ρ Π² Π‘ΡΡΠΏΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ, Π Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ, Π§Π΅Ρ ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ, Π‘Π΅ΡΠΏΡΡ ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ, ΠΠΎΡΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ, ΠΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ, ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ, ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ, ΠΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ, ΠΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ, ΠΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ, ΠΠ·Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΒ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΠΎΠ΄ΠΌΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π² Π―ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π΅ Π’ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ.
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Β Β Π‘ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠΌ Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΒ Π½Π°Π±ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π·Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ Π΄Π°ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΆΠ΅ΠΉ Ρ ΠΊΡΡΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² Π±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΌ ΠΠΎΠ΄ΠΌΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅. ΠΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ Π±ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ, Ρ ΠΎΡΡ Π±Ρ Π½Π° Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠ»Π°ΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΡΡ Π² ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠΌ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π² Π½Π΅ΠΌ Π²ΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½Π°Π±ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ°.
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Β Π¦Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π·Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ , Π΄Π°ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ², Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ·Β Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Ρ Π½Π° ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΊ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ ΠΠ°ΠΌ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π½Π΅Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΉ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΉ Π² Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ Π²ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ.
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Β Β ΠΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Ρ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ, Π½ΠΎ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π΅, ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠΈΡΡΡ Ρ Π»ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠΉ. ΠΠ°Π΄ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠ° Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ° — ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ±Ρ — Π΄ΠΎ 50 Π»Π΅Ρ, ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ Π½Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ Ρ Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ, Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅ΠΉ, Π±ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π² ΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ , ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡ ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π·Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ Π² ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ.
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ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ‘ — Π³Π°ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π½Π° Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ!
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Β Β ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡ Π±ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ. ΠΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ΄ΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ Π³Π½Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π·Π° Π½Π°ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡΡ, Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎ — ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π½Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ, ΠΊΡΠΎ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π΄Π²Π°ΠΆΠ΄Ρ?
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Β ΠΠ° Π½Π°Ρ Π²Π·Π³Π»ΡΠ΄, ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡ Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ — ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅, Π½Π΅ Π·Π°Π²ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ, Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ.
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Β ΠΠ΄Π΅ΡΡ Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ — ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ, ΡΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½ Π½Π° ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΊ, Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡ Π² ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈ, ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ.
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Β ΠΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ Π»Π΅Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ‘ — Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π°ΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡ Π½Π° Π΄Π°ΡΠ΅, Π² Π·Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΠ°ΠΌ ΡΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²Β Π·Π°Π²ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΌ Π΄Π½Π΅!
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Β Β ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π±Π°Π·Π° Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡΒ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ,Β Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈ,Β ΡΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈΒ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ Π±ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π£PΠ 2Π2 Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΠΠ-131 ΠΈ ΠΠΠΠΠ-4310, ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³Π°Π±Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π±ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° (ΠΠΠΠ£), ΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΡ, ΡΠΌoΠ±ΡΡΡ, ΡΠΊΡΠΊΠ°Π²Π°ΡΠΎΡΡ-ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ·ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³Π°Ρ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°.
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ΠΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° Π£Π Π-2Π2 Π½Π° Π±Π°Π·Π΅ ΠΠΠ-131
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ΠΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³Π°Π±Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π±ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° Π£ΠΠ (4Π₯4)
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Β Β ΠΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ — ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΡ, ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°, ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΡ-ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡ Π±ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ, ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΡΡ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π±ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡ.
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Β ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Ρ Π² Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠ΅Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ²:
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- ΠΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ Π½Π° Π±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Ρ
- Π’Π΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ
- ΠΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Ρ (ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ)
- ΠΠ°ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΉΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ½ Π½Π° ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ 10 Π»Π΅Ρ
- ΠΠ°ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΉΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ½Ρ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π΄ΠΎ 2 Π»Π΅Ρ
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Β ΠΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ‘ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π³Π°ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π³Π°ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ΅Π·Π΄Π½ΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΠΉΒ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½Ρ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½ Π½Π° ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΊ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π±ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π² Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π΅.
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ΠΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Ρ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ
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Β ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅Π·ΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Ρ. ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Ρ Π΄ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ,Β ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏ —Β ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎ (ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ). Π§Π°ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Ρ Ρ ΠΊΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄, Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΉΒ Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π² Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ΅ ΠΊΡΡΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ.Β
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Β Β ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½ β ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·Π΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ°Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ-ΡΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΎΡ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ Π² Π·ΠΈΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π³ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ°. Π Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΡ Π±ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Π° (Π½Π° ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΊ).
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Β Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ± ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Ρ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΊΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π° — «ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠ΅Ρ» — Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π² Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ (ΠΏΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°), Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΊΡΡΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ, Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½Π°Π±ΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ.
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Β Β ΠΠ΅ΡΠ½Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Ρ (ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠ°) ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΌ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΌ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠ· Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠ΄ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΡ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²: ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ (Π²Π΅ΡΠ½Π°-Π»Π΅ΡΠΎ), ΡΠΎ Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ, ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ° Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π½Π΅Ρ Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΌΠ°Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠΌ.
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Β ΠΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Ρ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π² ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ, Π·Π°ΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎΒ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Ρ Π½Π° ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡ Ρ ΠΊΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌ, Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ, ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° Π±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½Π°Π±ΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ (ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΠΎΡΡ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ±Ρ, Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΡ, Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ°ΠΊΠΊΡΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΡ, ΠΊΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ) ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π² ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΠΎΠ΄ΠΌΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π·Π°ΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡ Π·Π°ΡΠ²ΠΊΡ Π½Π° Π²ΡΠ΅Π·Π΄ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ° ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ°, Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ², ΠΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°, Π·Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΆΠ°, Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ² Π½Π°ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌ:
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ΠΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½Ρ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ?
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ΠΠ²ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅:
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8 (495) 923-72-00
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Β Β ΠΠ°ΡΠ° Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ‘ Π·Π° Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π»Π° ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ·ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ· ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Ρ, ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π°ΠΌ!Β
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ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ: ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ‘ — Π±ΠΎΠ³ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ Π² Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π½Π΅Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ
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90000 90001 2020 Cost of Well Drilling 90002 90003 90004 90005 90006 90007 90008 90005 90010 90008 90005 90006 90014 90005 90006 90017 90007 90006 90020 90007 90006 Well Drilling: $ 1,500- $ 12,000 + 90007 90006 90025 90007 90006 Complete Well Water System: $ 3,500- $ 50,000 + 90007 90008 90030 90007 90008 90005 90006 90007 90008 90005 90006 90039 A water well is any type of excavation created to remove water from an underground aquifer (a geologic formation or series of formations that contain enough water to supply wells and springs).Wells created using traditional digging methods (pick and shovel or backhoe) are typically wide holes only 10′-30 ‘deep. Driven wells are created by driving a small diameter pipe into soft earth (gravel or sand) and are generally 30’-50 ‘deep. The most common method of well construction in the United States today is drilling, which requires a fairly complicated and expensive drill rig, usually mounted on a large truck. Drilled wells are typically 100’-400 ‘deep but can be 1,000’ or more. The U.S.Geological Survey provides an overview of types of wells 90040 [1] 90041 and the Environmental Protections Agency provides a glossary 90040 [2] 90041 of well-related terms. Typical costs: 90007 90008 90005 90006 90048 90049 Prices for drilling a water well are typically quoted by the foot, and vary significantly depending on the type and difficulty of the material being drilled through (sand, solid rock, clay, etc.). 90050 90049 Drilling the well hole, installing the casing (a tubular lining that prevents the well hole from collapsing) and adding a well cap (a tight-fitting, vermin-proof top seal) typically costs 90052 $ 15- $ 30 90053 per foot, or 90052 $ 1,500- $ 3,000 90053 for a 100 ‘deep well, and 90052 $ 6,000- $ 12,000 90053 for a 400’ well.(However, if the geological conditions are especially difficult or access is extremely limited, drilling can cost 90052 $ 30- $ 50 90053 a foot or more.) For example, the sustainable Arizona homesteaders at ByExample.com 90040 [3] 90041 report paying 90052 $ 6,750 90053 to have well drilled 280 ‘deep, or about 90 052 $ 24 90053 / foot. 90050 90049 A complete water system is typically designed (and a total price quoted) after the well is successfully drilled and the well’s depth and water yield is known.A well pump to bring the water to the surface, a pressurized storage tank or tanks (if the well’s yield is not enough to meet peak demand), underground piping to take the water to the house, electrical wiring to power the system, a control panel and other items can add 90052 $ 2,000- $ 8,000 90053 or more to the total cost, depending on the size of pump and the distance to the house. This brings the typical total for drilling a well and setting up a private water delivery system to 90052 $ 3,500- $ 20,000 90053 or more, but an especially deep and difficult well with a complex water system can cost 90052 $ 20,000- $ 50,000 90053 or more, depending on depth, water yield and system complexity.A great deal depends on local geological conditions. For example, Cushing & Sons Well Drilling 90040 [4] 90041 in New Hampshire estimates an average cost of 90052 $ 5,000 90053 for a complete water well system in that area, while a Colorado landowner 90040 [5] 90041 reports costs of 90052 $ 14,000 90053 to drill a 600 ‘well (about 90052 $ 23- $ 24 90053 / foot) and another 90052 $ 7,000- $ 8,000 90053 for a constant pressure pump system with a 70’ water line to the house, or 90052 $ 21,000- $ 22,000 90053 total.90050 90089 Related articles: Well Pump, Water Testing and Treatment, Cistern, Rain Harvesting 90007 90008 90005 90006 What should be included: 90007 90008 90005 90006 90048 90049 The Kansas Geological Society explains how to evaluate 90040 [6] 90041 the potential for a water well and a video by the American Groundwater Turst provides an overview of well water systems, including drilling methods. 90050 90049 It can take one to several days to drill a well and install the casing, depending on the final depth needed.Typically the drill rig sits on a large truck, which the crew will position on the selected site, then drill until water is reached. ByExample.com 90040 [7] 90041 in Arizona reports that it took two days to drill a 280 ‘well and one day to set the casing with concrete. 90050 90049 In some areas it is illegal to construct any kind of well without first obtaining a permit, and most jurisdictions specify how far the well must be from existing buildings, roadways, animal enclosures, a septic system or other installations.The Water Systems Council provides a tool to determine which state well codes apply 90040 [8] 90041. 90050 90089 Shopping for well drilling: 90007 90008 90005 90006 90048 90049 Search for local water well contractors through the National Ground Water Association 90040 [9] 90041. The association also provides a state-by-state list of well-water-related resources, including licensing agencies for geologists, engineers, and contractors; regulatory agencies; groundwater-use summaries; and groundwater-quality reports.90050 90049 The well driller should provide a written contract listing the work to be done and the specific costs, including potential fees for drilling deeper or drilling a second well if the first must be abandoned. Foster Water Well Drilling in California explains how to hire a water well contractor 90040 [10] 90041. 90050 90089 90007 90008 90005 90006 90007 90008 90005 90006 90007 90008 90005 90010 90008 90005 90006 CostHelper News 90007 90008 90005 90006 90007 90008 90005 90010 90008 90150 90006 What People Are Paying — Recent Comments 90007 90008 90005 90006 90039 Page 2 of 2 — 1 90052 2 90053 90007 90008 90005 90006 90163 90005 90006 90052 Posted by: 90053 MICHIGANDER in webberville, MI.90007 90006 90052 Posted: 90053 August 11th, 2019 6:08 AM 90007 90008 90005 90006 90052 Depth of Well: 90053 68 \ ‘90007 90006 90052 Size of Pump: 90053 1/2 HP 90007 90008 90030 90163 90005 90006 90188 COMPLETE WELL SYSTEM 80 ‘RUN TO CONNECT TO EXISTING PIPE BURY EXISTING WELL HOUSE AREA 5’X5’ 5000 $ FOR SYSTEM 700 $ FOR 4 HR BACKHOE 90189 90007 90008 90030 90007 90008 90005 90010 90008 90005 90006 90163 90005 90006 90052 Posted by: 90053 bluarc1 in Madera, CA.90007 90006 90052 Posted: 90053 July 16th, 2019 1:07 AM 90007 90008 90005 90006 90052 Depth of Well: 90053 400 90007 90006 90052 Size of Pump: 90053 90007 90008 90030 90163 90005 90006 90188 @Jill the sucker in Twentynine Palms, CA. 90039 Have you ever heard of abuse of a disabled person? 90039 SUE the SOB. 90189 90007 90008 90030 90163 90005 90006 Was this post helpful to you? & 90007 90008 90030 90007 90008 90030 90007 90030.90000 How Much Does It Cost to Dig a Well In 2020? 90001 90002 90003 A well is an excavation to extract water from an aquifer. There are different digging methods used and for the traditional method, a water well is created using wide holes with 10 ‘to 30’ deep. In the United States, the most common method used is through drilling. This method uses drill rig which is quite expensive. The rig is mounted on a truck and can dig up to 100 ‘to 400’ deep or even more. So, how much does it cost to dig a well? 90004 90005 90006 Different Types of Wells 90007 90008 90002 There are three different types of wells which include dug wells, drilled wells and driven wells.How are they different? 90004 90002 Dug Wells: This is the oldest type of well as the wells are lined in the top using materials like concrete or 90012 bricks. These materials keep the water from infiltrating the well. 90004 90002 Drilled wells: This is the most common type of well used these days and they can go really deep into the ground. 90004 90002 Driven Wells: Using a certain perforated pipe, it is pounded deep into the ground. This type of well is not too common. It is a better option if the aquifer is shallow.90004 90005 90006 Average Costs To Dig A Well 90007 90008 90002 The well drilling cost varies depending on the method used. The price is also rated based on foot, difficulty level and the materials used. For instance, in drilling the hole and the installation of the case as well as a well cap, the water installation cost is around $ 15 to $ 30 per ft. For 100 ‘deep well, it could cost more ranging from $ 1,500 to $ 3,000. It could cost even more for a deeper well. Then again, there are instances where in the areas are difficult to access, so the well drilling cost is much more expensive.90004 90002 When it comes to digging a well, the total cost does not only comprise the drilling and the water installation cost. Once the well is drilled, a water system is created. The complete water system costs about $ 2,000 to $ 8,000 which includes electrical wiring, control panel and pump among many others. For a water delivery system (private), the cost ranges from $ 3,000 to $ 20,000. A much more intricate water system could cost more between $ 20,000 to $ 50,000. The cost of the water system depends on various factors like complexity, yield and depth.You also have to factor in the cost of a pump system ranging from $ 7,000 to $ 8,000. 90004 90026 90006 What to Expect 90007 90029 90002 The Kansas Geological Society provides the necessary information that you need to know about drilling methods. How long will it take to drill a well? It usually takes several days including the installation of the casing. The drill rig is mounted on the truck and positioned on the target area. There are certain areas that would require permit and there are also regulations.There is a tool provided by the Water Systems Council to help you with the state code pertaining to digging a well. 90004 90026 90006 Searching for a Well Drilling Contractors 90007 90029 90002 Well drilling is quite expensive. So, you would not want to take any chances. Make sure that you only get a certified, professional and reliable contractor who can do the job. Where do you find that contractor? You can start looking at the National Ground Water Association. They provide a list of resources, licensing agencies and other reports that you need in order to get to know more about the different contractors and methods used.90004 90002 Contractors will, in turn give you a written contract stating the complete details of the work and the costs. The contract also includes the potential fees. 90004 90040 90006 Hiring a Water Well Contractor 90007 90043 90002 Before selecting a contractor, it actually helps to have at least set of information and to have several contractors. You can search the web for contractors. Look at the license number and you can also read reviews and feedback. To help you get the best contractor, there are important considerations.For one, you need to make sure that the contractor has the necessary licenses and permit to operate. You need to know that the contractor is certified by the National Ground Water Association. The highest level given to a contractor is the Master Ground Water Contractor. 90004 90002 Aside from the license of the contractor, you also need to know if they submit well logs and if they have enough equipment. How about worker’s compensation insurance? These small details might appear to be unimportant, but in the event that something happens at least you know the workers are insured and covered.90004 90026 90006 Itemizing Costs 90007 90029 90002 When you have finally hired a contractor and there is the written contract, take the time to review it and make sure that the costs are itemizes. 90004 90002 The list could include the cost of drilling per foot, casing per foot and the cost of materials used like well cap, grout and drive shoe. The contractor may also include other costs for operations like test pumping, disinfection and grouting. In the written contract, it should also state what costs are not included in the given specifications.90004 90040 90006 Checklist for Finished Well 90007 90043 90002 After the job is finally done and prior to the contractor pulling put the equipment, you should make a final inspection. Have a list of items to check to ensure that the work is properly and completely done. First is to check the depth of well. Check the measurement against the report given to you. The second is to check the well yield. You can ask the contractor as to how many gallons in a minute. In addition to the well depth and yield, look at the well cap.Make sure that the well is capped and that it is secured. The cap should be at least 6 inches above the ground. You can also ask the contractor if the well’s disinfected. Last but not the least, you should have a well record. Get a copy from the contractor. Keep the well record for future use. 90004 .90000 Learn Which Well Type is Best For You 90001 90002 90003 In This Article 90004 90005 Aquifers 90005 Siting a Well 90005 Dug Wells 90005 Driven Wells 90005 Drilled Wells View all WATER WELL articles 90010 90002 Wells can vary a great deal in depth required, flow rate , and water quality. Before buying a lot with a well in place, you should get the reported flow rate in writing and an up-to-date water quality report, readily available from most municipal health departments.Ask the local health inspector about their water testing procedures, which are usually inexpensive and well worth the cost and effort. If problems are detected with the water quality, these need to be identified and resolved before proceeding. 90010 90002 Also pay attention to the flow rate. While a good flow rate today does not guarantee a good flow rate in other seasons, an experienced local well driller should be able to give you a good idea about the flow characteristics of wells in your vicinity and alert you to any potential problems.90010 90002 If there is no well in place, you should talk to at least two well drillers in the area, as well as neighbors, about well depths, flow rates, and water quality in the area. Get both the hands-0n prospective of local well drillers and the more scientific opinions of geologists and hydrologists. 90010 90002 The state or local office of water resources or geology may also be able to assist you with water maps and other information about available groundwater. Another place to look for help is a Cooperative Extension or School of Agriculture at a local university, which probably employs one or more hydrologists, who study water resources for a living.They can provide a good indication of whether and how you will be able to meet your water needs. 90010 90002 For example, if you need a lot more water than your nearest neighbors, you may need to drill deeper or drill more than one well. If a very deep well is needed, you will need to budget accordingly. However, well drilling is based on an educated guess of underground conditions — there are no guarantees. 90010 90002 If you do not yet own the land, and the availability of adequate water is in question, you may want to make your bid contingent upon drilling a test well of sufficient flow rate and water quality.This will cost you few thousand dollars, but could save you many thousands more. 90010 90002 90003 AQUIFERS 90004 90005 Aquifers are natural areas of water storage under the ground. While many people think of aquifers as underground pools, they typically consist of areas of permeable sand 90010 The water table forms the top of an unconfined aquifer where the water must be pumped to the surface. Where the water is confined between impermeable layers, the water may rise to surface under natural pressure, creating and artesian well.CLICK TO ENLARGE Courtesy of USGS 90002 and gravel, and cracks in solid rock where water is able to slowly flow. How much water the rock and granular soil can hold depends on how much open space exists between the particles, called its 90029 porosity 90030. This ranges from 0 in solid rock to about 30 or 40 percent in gravel and sand. 90010 90002 Aquifers have a bottom, where the soil or rock is impermeable, and a top, called the water table. The water table may rise to the surface of the earth at a natural spring, or at a pond or lake, but usually it is well below the surface.90010 90002 90035 Water tables can be a few feet thick or hundreds of feet from top to bottom and can range in area from the size of a pond to hundreds of miles across. Aquifers are replenished primarily by rainwater that percolates through the soil. 90010 90002 90003 90029 Unconfined vs. Confined Aquifers 90030 90004. In an unconfined aquifer, the top of the aquifer is the water table and the water must be pumped upward (see Illustration). If an aquifer is confined between bedrock and another layer of impermeable material, such as clay, the water may be under pressure and rise above the aquifer when drilled into.In some cases, the water will rise all the way to surface without a pump, creating an 90029 artesian well 90030. 90010 90002 To reach the aquifer, you may need to drill 30 feet or 500 feet. Aquifers tend to follow the slope of the land above and water tends to move slowly through the aquifer following the slope. The rate of flow depends largely on the permeability of the rock and other material in the aquifer. When water is pumped from the aquifer by a well, it is drawn down in a area around the well.The more permeable the material in the aquifer around the well, the faster the well area will be replenished and the greater the well’s flow rate. 90010 90002 Depending on the geology, there may be and adequate supply of pure water relatively near the surface, or you may need to drill into deep water-bearing rock to get adequate flow and flow. Based on their knowledge of local conditions, an experienced well driller or hydrologist can help determine the best strategy. 90010 90002 90003 SITING A WELL — WHERE TO DRILL 90004 90005 A knowledgeable well driller, or if necessary, a hydrogeologist or hydrologist, should be consulted to help site your well.You may be able to get some technical support for free from a local or state office of geology or water resources or from a nearby school of agriculture or natural resources. Where to drill for water is an important decision. In some cases, with a well-mapped aquifer and many wells nearby, it is highly probably that you will hit good water at a certain depth. In arid regions with few wells nearby, it may be less clear. In this business, however, there are no guaranties that you will find water of sufficient yield and quality — or find it at all.So take you time in choosing a well site. 90010 90002 Your goal is to determine what location, depth, and well diameter is most likely to provide the best flow rate and water quality for the least money. It is important to maintain adequate clearance from septic tanks, leach field, roadways, and agricultural uses such as pastures and silos. In some cases, the building code will specify a minimum depth, setback from the property line, and distance from septic systems and other sources of contamination.90010 90002 Some jurisdictions require the well to be uphill from the septic system, a commonsense idea, but not always feasible on small lots where you will inevitably be downhill from someone else’s septic system if not your own. Regardless of code requirements, you will want to follow industry standards and a professional’s recommendations for a safe and dependable water source. 90010 90002 There are also practical concerns about distance from the house and access of drilling equipment and for maintenance.A site far from the house will increase the costs of wiring and plumbing from well to house. In addition, you may have preferences, such as not wanting the well in your front yard or in the middle of your future garden — so make sure you approve of the well site before drilling begins. 90010 90002 90003 DUG WELLS 90004 90005 In some rural areas, homeowners still get their water from shallow, dug wells. Historically, these were dug by hand to just below the water table and lined with fieldstone, brick, or interlocking concrete tile (in newer wells), and capped with wood, stone, or concrete cover.They were typically 3 or 4 feet in diameter and typically from 10 to 30 or so feet deep, but in some cases were over 50 ft. deep. In the old days, a bucket or hand pump was commonly used, but most now use an electric pump. 90010 90002 Dug wells typically penetrate into just the top layer of the aquifer or into a small perched water table, which is separated from the larger aquifer below by an impermeable layer of soil. Water levels in these wells tend to fluctuate with seasonal variations in the water table and may dry up during extended dry spells.Modern shallow wells are typically excavated or bored with power equipment and lined with concrete tile. Because these can go deeper into the water table, they can produce a more reliable water supply than hand-dug wells. 90010 90002 Because traditional dug wells typically draw on shallow groundwater and lack a continuous casing, they are highly susceptible to contamination from nearby septic systems and from surface sources such as agricultural runoff, lawn chemicals, and other pollutants. However, dug wells can produce high-quality water they are designed and located properly.90010 90002 Dug wells should have a sealed casing and cover, and be located at least 25 feet away from ponds or streams. They should be uphill from and at least 100 feet away from sources of contamination including septic systems, livestock, and fuel tanks. If located on a slope, create a berm of clay soil around the the well to divert surface runoff away from the well (see illustration). 90010 If used for drinking water, a dug well should have a watertight case and concrete cap. The space between the well casing and borehole should be sealed with cement grout or bentonite clay.Source: US EPA CLICK TO ENLARGE 90002 For safety and good performance, dug wells used for drinking water should 90010 90002 β’ be dug during the dry season to reach deep enough into the water table 90005 β’ have a watertight casing, such as large-diameter precast-concrete pipe, which sits on a sand or gravel base at the well bottom 90005 β’ be disinfected with chlorine when new or after repairs are made 90005 β’ be located on high ground, not subject to flooding, and sloped away in all directions from the well 90005 β’ have a tight-fitting metal or concrete cover at the top of the casing, about one foot above the ground 90005 β’ have a pump in the inside your house or in a pump house to protect equipment, storage tank, and piping 90005 β’ use a pitless adapter in cold regions to provide a frost-proof, sanitary seal to the water line 90005 β’ be 100 feet away from farm animals, cesspools, or leach fields 90005 β’ be 75 feet away from property you do not control 90005 β’ be 25 to 50 feet away from drainage ditches, culverts, streams, or ponds 90005 90003 90005 DRIVEN WELLS 90004 90005 Where conditions are right, driven wells may offer an an economical alternative to a drilled well.Also called «sand point» wells, these are often used for cabins or vacation cottages where there is groundwater within 15 to 30 feet of the surface. They are made by driving a small-diameter pipe, by hand or power tools, into water-bearing sand or gravel that lies above the bedrock. A screened well point, designed to filter out sediment, is typically attached to the bottom of the pipe before driving. 90010 90002 Under favorable conditions, the pipe can be driven up to about 30 feet by hand, and 50 or more feet with a powered post driver.Typically, installers use five- or six-foot lengths of galvanized pipe with a cap on the end being hit to prevent damage to the threads. Each new section of pipe is added with a coupling to the one below. Sandy soils are the easiest to drive through. Clay will require power equipment. 90010 90002 There are a variety of ways to complete a driven well. Often the connection to the discharge pipe is made underground using a pitless adaptor. The access pit must be dug around the well to below the frost line in cold climates.Depending on local codes the pit can later be backfilled or can be lined with concrete tile and cap, similar to a dug well. The pump may be located inside the home or on top of the well within the concrete tile or a pump house. 90010 90002 Because these wells are simple and inexpensive, some people drill two and plumb them together for a better yield. However, like dug wells, they reach only shallow water, making them susceptible to contamination from surface sources. 90010 Most modern wells are drilled by rotary drills to a depth of 100 to 500 feet to reach the water table.The bottom of the well may be in granular material or fractured rock. Courtesy of American Groundwater Trust 90002 90003 DRILLED WELLS 90004 90005 Over 15 million homes in the US draw their water from private wells and millions more use water drawn from municipal wells. Nearly all of these are drilled wells (see illustration). Most modern wells are drilled by rotary drill machines, which can easily drill through solid rock. 90010 90002 In some cases, a cable-tool drilling rig is used, also referred to as a percussion or «pounder» machine.In this technique, a heavy bit attached to the bottom of a wire cable is repeatedly raised and dropped, pounding its way down through the earth. Most private wells range from 100 to 500 feet deep, but in rare cases can exceed 1,000 feet. 90010 90002 90035 The well design will depend on the specific geological conditions at the site. Most wells are drilled an inch or two wider than the casing diameter, which is commonly 6 inches. In the upper portion of the well, unless it is solid rock, the space between the casing and the drilled hole is later «grouted» with cement or bentonite (a special expansive clay).This seals the drilling hole to prevent contaminated surface water from migrating down the well casing to the aquifer. Depending on conditions, the bottom of the well may be drilled into solid rock, drawing its water from cracks in the rock. 90010 90002 90003 90004 90010 90002 Back to Top 90010.90000 Water Wells — Everything You Need to Know 90001 90002 Making your offer contingent on the seller drilling a satisfactory well would be great if he agrees to your terms. In any case, it’s definitely a good idea to add some type of water well contingency to your offer. However, drilling a separate test well prior to the water well is usually done only for municipal or high-yield agricultural wells. 90003 90002 If you plan to drill a well prior to purchasing, then the contingency could state something like «Driller is to find well water at a depth, flow rate, and quality satisfactory to the buyer.»Or you could add specific numbers, such as a minimum flow rate of 5 gpm of potable water at less than 300 feet. 90003 90002 The well contractor would then drill to a suitable depth and perform a «drawdown» test to establish the flow rate. The water quality can usually be tested through the local health department for a small fee. 90003 90002 If you do not want to incur the cost of drilling a well ahead of time, you can hire an engineer to evaluate the prospects of drilling a satisfactory well based on the local geology, aquifer conditions, and performance of surrounding wells.In some states, well data are public records, and there are additional groundwater data available from the US Geological Survey, state geology departments, and local universities. Licensed well drillers in the area can also be an excellent source of information on the depth, yield, and water quality of surrounding wells. 90003 90002 While no one can establish with 100% certainty what your drilling results will be, the performance of surrounding wells and geological data can provide a high level of confidence in most cases.Your contingency might read something like: «Engineer shall establish the feasibility of an adequate private water supply to the satisfaction of the owner. Owner reserves the right to enter the property to drill a test well to establish that the well depth, yield, and water quality are to the owner’s satisfaction. » Once you have established the likelihood of a suitable well, then the $ 10,000 cost may be easier to justify. 90003 90002 For 100% certainty, you’ll need to spend the $ 10,000. You can certainly ask the owner to pay for some or all of the drilling costs.Maybe he will share the cost with you 50/50. It all depends on the market, the seller’s motivation, and the attractiveness of your offer. Some land owners choose to drill a well and conduct a perc test prior to listing the lot — it certainly improves its marketability. 90003 90002 Whether it is worth risking $ 10,000 to avoid a $ 100,000 mistake, or whatever the lot costs, is a tough decision. If the seller will not cooperate, and you have serious doubts about the water, then you may have to walk away.90003 90002 Whichever approach you take, it’s always a good idea to have a lawyer review your offer to make sure that you are not putting your earnest money at risk and have an iron-clad option to back out of the deal if your land inspection is not satisfactory. 90003 90002 Best of luck with your land search! 90003 90002 90021 Read more about 90022 90021 Making An Offer On Land 90022. 90003.